Today, about 50% of the world population or three and a half
billion live in cities but it is expected that by 2050, the urban population of
the world increases by 84%; namely, 3.6 billion people.
Although population growth is the primary cause of the spread
of cities, the same irrational distribution or horizontal expansion
and new construction around the city caused socio-economic damages and destruction of
environmental resources in the cities and surroundings.
Due to a substantial effect of the form of a city on its
stability, it is necessary to know study and understand its dimensions and
guide it to achieve sustainable development. After 1970s and the World War II,
severe reactions to uncontrolled growth of cities began.

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